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Chris Marker (; 29 July 1921 – 29 July 2012) was a French writer, photographer, documentary film director, multimedia artist and film essayist. His best known films are ''La Jetée'' (1962), ''A Grin Without a Cat'' (1977), ''Sans Soleil'' (1983) and ''AK'' (1985), an essay film on the Japanese filmmaker Akira Kurosawa. Marker is often associated with the Left Bank Cinema movement that occurred in the late 1950s and included such other filmmakers as Alain Resnais, Agnès Varda, Henri Colpi and Armand Gatti. His friend and sometime collaborator Alain Resnais has called him "the prototype of the twenty-first-century man."〔Wakeman, John. World Film Directors, Volume 2. The H. W. Wilson Company. 1988. 649–654.〕 Film theorist Roy Armes has said of him: "Marker is unclassifiable because he is unique...The French Cinema has its dramatists and its poets, its technicians, and its autobiographers, but only has one true essayist: Chris Marker."〔 ==Early life== Marker was born Christian François Bouche-Villeneuve. He was always elusive about his past and known to refuse interviews and not allow photographs to be taken of him; his place of birth is highly disputed.〔 Some sources and Marker himself claim that he was born in Ulan Bator, Mongolia.〔Thomson, David, ''The New Biographical Dictionary of Film'' Fourth Edition, Little, Brown (2003).〕 Other sources say he was born in Belleville, Paris, and others, in Neuilly-sur-Seine.〔 The 1949 edition of ''Le Cœur Net'' specifies his birthday as 22 July. Film critic David Thomson has stated: "Marker told me himself that Mongolia is correct. I have since concluded that Belleville is correct – but that does not spoil the spiritual truth of Ulan Bator."〔Thomson, David, The New Biographical Dictionary of Film Fifth Edition, Little, Brown (2010).〕 When asked about his secretive nature, Marker has said "My films are enough for them (audience )."〔 Marker was a philosophy student in France prior to World War II. During the German occupation of France, he joined the Maquis (FTP), a part of the French Resistance. At some point during the war he left France and joined the United States Air Force as a paratrooper,〔 although some sources claim that this is not true. After the war, he began a career as a journalist, first writing for the journal ''Esprit'', a neo-Catholic, Marxist magazine where he met fellow journalist André Bazin. At ''Esprit'', Marker wrote political commentaries, poems, short stories, and (with Bazin) film reviews. He would later become an early contributor to Bazin's ''Cahiers du cinéma''.〔 During this time period, Marker began to travel around the world as a journalist and photographer, a vocation he would continue the rest of his life. He was hired by the French publishing company Éditions du Seuil as editor of the series ''Petite Planète'' ("Small World"). This collection devoted one edition to each country and included information and photographs.〔 In 1949 Marker published his first novel, ''Le Coeur net'' (''The Forthright Spirit''), which was about aviation. In 1952 Marker published an illustrated essay on French writer Jean Giraudoux, ''Giraudoux Par Lui-Même''.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Chris Marker」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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